art & industry. refinement of work and modern factories in the discourse of the deutscher werkbund 1907 to 1914

its amalgamation of art and industry in the arts trade, its contribution to industrial design and corporate identity have made the werkbund just as famous as the architectural work of its most renowned members, who are still regarded today as the (proto-) modern forefathers of the bauhaus and bauhaus generation. however the multi-layered discourse which was held within the Werkbund  between 1907 and 1914 is hardly known. in addition to the evaluation of the machine, the social question or the job satisfaction in production, many aspects of the changed working world were discussed in “the refinement of industrial work” which also influenced the early works of walter gropius.